五篇翻译

第一二、三篇及之后的话题词为重点内容。

一、翻译答题时间

　　建议各位6级考生在仔细阅读完成之后罗马球迷发起慈善活动，支持当地社区，立即快速浏览一下翻译，如果觉得难度不大，则仔细阅读之后立即处理翻译（20-30分钟时间）。

　　相反，如果快速浏览后感觉难整太大，甚至整个人都不好罗马球迷发起慈善活动，支持当地社区了，则仔细阅读之后做信息匹配题，之后再做六级段落翻译题。

　　二、翻译答题策略

　　翻译中简单句不需要策略，直接写答案即可。但复杂句子，建议采用“三步法”进行处理：

　　第一步：拆分中文句子的“主干部分”和“修饰语部分”。

　　第二步：分别处理主干和修饰：主干遭遇翻译障碍就换主语、谓语等罗马球迷发起慈善活动，支持当地社区；修饰成分遭遇障碍，就使用单词、短语、从句或单独的句子进行解释。

　　第三步：把主干和修饰再组合成句子。

　　当遭遇翻译障碍时，可以降低预期目标，简化部分内容或省略不写，因为此时你的目标就不是满分，而是得分。

　　例1：大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。

　　【解析】语法基础弱，词汇量小的同学，可以本着得分优先的原则，将其写成多个单句：

　　People use the word dama to call middle-aged women. They bought a lot of gold not long ago. At that time the price of gold was low. [单句版：及格]

　　The word dama is used to call middle-aged women,半岛体育 but now it especially refers to Chinese women who bought large amounts of gold when the price of gold fell not long ago. [从句版：高分]

　　例2：中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

　　At present, China’s annual economic growth target is 7%. It shows that the government pays attention to people’s life quality rather than the growth speed of economy. [单句版]

　　The current annual economic growth target of 7% in China shows the government attaches importance to the quality of life rather than the speed of economic growth. [从句版]

　　三、关键词重复

　　不少同学认为考过的话题就不会再考。

　　但是，偏偏不是如此，系统分析六级真题会发现不少词汇表达是在反复被考查到的。

　　例1：

　　北京计划未来三年投资7,600亿元治理污染（2014年6月：北京治污）；

　　中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。（2015年6月：中国城市化）

　　上述两个句子均考到“投资”一词(invest ---investment )

　　例2：

　　各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。（2015年6月：汉朝概况）

　　经济的繁荣和富裕中产阶级的出现，引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。（2016年12月：中国旅游业发展）

　　上述两个句子均考到“繁荣”一词。(prosperous---prosperity)

　　例3：

　　中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统的中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。（2015年6月：中国宴席）

　　中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。（2016年12月：外国人学习汉语）

　　上述两个句子均考到“不少见”或“不足为奇”这一主语从句的形式。it is no wonder that ….

　　四、考前必练真题及话题词预测

　　以下绝大部分内容都是课上所讲过的，旨在温故知新。如果是第一次看，时间紧张的话重点则是背诵关键词即可，当然时间宽裕的话，背诵句式更好。

　　请认真分析这些真题，如果时间不允许，最起码记忆其中不熟悉的核心词汇。

　　第一篇：传统文化类

　　【汉朝概况】

　　汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷（sundials）以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。

　　【参考译文】

　　The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There are lots of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty. Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade. The Silk Road opened in the Han dynasty led to Central and Western Asia, even Rome. With all sorts of art schools flourishing, there appeared many great works in literary, history, and philosophy. In 100 AD, China’s first dictionary was completed, which included 9,000 characters, providing definitions and different ways to write the characters. During that period, the science and technology had also made great progress, with paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes invented. Though the Han dynasty had a history of 400 years, the corruption of its rulers finally contributed to its collapse.

　　点评：

　　词汇考查：本篇是六级三套试卷中词汇考查最侧重的一篇，有朝代（dynasty），统治（reign），对外贸易（foreign trade），丝绸之路（the Silk Road），中西亚（the West Asia），罗马（Rome），哲学（philosophy），巨著（masterpiece），编撰（compile），水钟（water clock），测量地震的仪器（earthquake detector），腐败（corruption），灭亡（downhill / demise）。

　　拓展话题词汇

　　(旅游业)随时代进步而不断发展 (tourism) has been developing all along with the progress of the times.

　　和……展开合作 develop cooperation with

　　中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满生机的东方大国。

　　as a country with a long civilized history, China is also one big oriental country full of modern vitality.

　　在……取得丰硕的成果 fruitful results have been achieved in

　　提高生活水平 improve living standards

　　造成/防止/应对污染 cause/prevent/tackle pollution

　　赈灾救济金 disaster relief funds

　　人口 population

　　人口分布 population distribution

　　流动人口 transient population

　　城市人口 urban population

　　农业人口 agriculture population

　　出生率 birth rate

　　自然增长率 natural growth rate

　　负增长率 negative growth rate

　　普查 census

　　户口册 household register

　　计划生育 family planning/planned parenthood

　　优生优育 ensure good prenatal and postnatal care

　　自治区 autonomous region

　　民族 ethnic groups

　　少 数 民 族 ethnic minorities/ minority peoples

　　中国共产党 Communist Party of China

　　中华民族 Chinese people

　　民族的 national

　　第二篇：传统文化饮食

　　【中秋节】

　　中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。

　　【参考译文】

　　Since ancient times, the Chinese people have celebrated harvest in the middle of autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in North America. The tradition of celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, falling on August 15th of the lunar calendar, is a day when people worship the moon. On this day, with the bright moon high in the clear sky, families reunite and enjoy the moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed in China’s cultural heritage list, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the Festival, are given as gifts to relatives and friends or enjoyed at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are stamped with Chinese characters with meanings of “longevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”, etc.

　　话题词汇预测

　　工艺品 handwork/handicrafts

　　文物 cultural relics/antiques

　　国宝 national treasure

　　龙的传人 Descendants of Dragon

　　祖先 ancestor

　　传说 legend

　　起源于 originate

　　起源 origin

　　起初的、开始的、原创的 original

　　独一无二的 unique （adj.） uniqueness (n)

　　大大促进 contribute greatly to

　　文明 civilization

　　文明的civilized

　　古老的 ancient

　　扫墓 sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones

　　赛龙舟 dragon-boat racing

　　粽子zongzi (sticky rice dumpling wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)

　　月饼 moon cake

　　赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon

　　赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

　　登高 climb mountain

　　迷人的风光 attractive / charming/ fascinating scenery/ landscape

　　当地的 local

　　旅游景点 tourist attraction

　　书法 calligraphy

　　孔庙 Temple of Confucius

　　火药 gunpowder

　　印刷术printing

　　造纸术 paper-making

　　指南针 the compass

　　儒家思想Confucianism

　　儒家文化 Confucian culture

　　道教 Taoism

　　墨家Mohism

　　佛教 Buddhism

　　春节 the Spring Festival

　　元宵节 the Lantern Festival

　　清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day

　　端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival

　　中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day

　　重阳节 the Double-ninth Day

　　七夕节 the Double-seventh Day

　　营养 nutrition

　　有营养的 nutritional

　　谷物 grains

　　大米rice

　　小麦wheat

　　玉米 corn

　　大豆 bean

　　月饼 moon cake

　　年糕 rice cake

　　油条 deep-fried dough sticks

　　豆浆 soybean milk

　　馒头 steamed buns

　　第三篇：科技创新类

　　【中国创新】

　　中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

　　【参考译文】

　　China’s innovation is having a great boom at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with and surpass the world’s developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China’s research and development funds have risen considerably in recent years. Universities and research institutes in China are actively carrying out innovative researches. These researches cover all kinds of high technology fields, ranging from mass data to biochemistry, from new energy to robots. They are also working collaboratively with the science and technology parks from all the corners of the world to commercialize the innovative achievements. Meanwhile, in order to adapt to the constantly changing and growing demand of the domestic and foreign consumer market, Chinese entrepreneurs are making great efforts to become the pioneers of innovations, either in their products or business models.

　　话题词汇预测

　　电子商务 e-business

　　信用卡 credit card

　　信息时代 information age

　　研究开发 research and development

　　高新技术 innovative and high technology

　　创新 innovation

　　尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology

　　网上购物 online shopping

　　高科技园 high-tech park

　　工业园区 industrial park

　　信息港info port

　　信息革命 information revolution

　　电子货币e-currency

　　人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)

　　生物技术 bio-technology

　　克隆 cloning

　　基因工程 genetic engineering

　　转基因食品 genetically modified food (GM food)

　　三维电影 three-dimensional movie

　　光谷 optical valley

　　虚拟银行virtual bank

　　新兴学科 new branch of science; emerging discipline

　　生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture

　　技术密集产品 technology-intensive product

　　数码科技 digital technology

　　办公自动化 Office Automation (OA)

　　信息高地 information highland

　　信息检索 information retrieval

　　电话会议 teleconference

　　无土栽培 soilless cultivation

　　超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice

　　科技发展 scientific and technological advancement

　　重点项目key project

　　国家重点工程 national key projects

　　可持续发展 sustainable development

　　第四篇：教育类

　　【中美家庭教育】

　　在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要的决定，而不管孩子要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为了孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。

　　如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。

　　然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重孩子的意见。

　　中国父母十分注重教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习涉及教育时如何平衡父母与孩子间的关系。

　　【参考译文】

　　In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them. They never care what their children really want, because they believe that it is good for them. As a result, children’s growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents.

　　If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of being admitted to a key school, they will stick to their decisions, even if their children are not interested in.

　　While in the United States, parents are likely to respect their children’s opinions, and pay more attention to their opinions in making decisions.

　　It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to education. When it comes to education, however, they should learn how to balance the relationship between parents and their children from American parents.

　　话题词预测

　　必修课 required/ compulsory courses

　　选修课 elective/optional course

　　基础课 basic courses

　　专业课 specialized courses

　　课程表 school schedule

　　教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

　　学分 credit

　　充电 update one’s knowledge

　　初等教育 elementary education

　　大学社区 college community

　　高等教育 higher education

　　高等学府 institution of higher education

　　综合性大学 comprehensive university

　　文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts

　　高分低能 high scores and low abilities

　　九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

　　课外活动 extracurricular activities

　　适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age

　　素质教育 quality-oriented education

　　填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching

　　希望工程Project Hope

　　研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)

　　应届毕业生 graduating student; current year’s graduate

　　校园文化 campus culture

　　学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning Chinese

　　学生减负 alleviate the burden on students

　　应试教育 exam-oriented education

　　职业培训job training

　　智商 intelligence quotient (IQ)

　　应试教育 exam-oriented education system

　　义务教育 compulsory education

　　初等教育 elementary education

　　中等教育 secondary education

　　高等教育 higher education

　　职业教育 vocational education

　　普 通 高 校 regular institution of higher learning

　　重点大学 key university

　　减轻学生负担 reduce burden for students

　　毕业设计 diploma-winning design /graduation project

　　毕业论文 graduation thesis

　　毕业证书 graduation certificate

　　同学 schoolmate/classmate

　　校友 alumni

　　科教兴国 rejuvenate the country through science and education

　　第五篇：环境保护类

　　【北京治污】

　　北京计划未来三年投资7,600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另外850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation）。

　　市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。

　　【参考译文】

　　Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emission of PM 2.5. The newly announced plan aims at reducing four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to establish or upgrade the facilities for municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be invested in the forestation program in the coming three years.

　　In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to construct a number of water-recycling plants and to ban illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will impose tougher punishments on those who violate the emission-reduction regulations.

　　话题词预测

　　保护环境 protect the environment

　　改善环境质量 improve environmental quality

　　防止空气污染 prevent air pollution

　　重视环境保护 attach more importance to environmental protection

　　提高环保意识 enhance the awareness of environmental protection

　　保持生态平衡 maintain ecological balance

　　生态系统 ecosystem

　　生态示范区 ecological demonstration region

　　自然保护区 nature reserve

　　可持续发展战略 sustainable development strategy

　　节能 save energy

　　减排 reduce greenhouse gas emissions

　　全球变暖 global warming

　　低碳经济 low carbon economy

　　清洁可再生能源 clean and renewable energy sources

　　核能 nuclear energy

　　太阳能 solar energy

　　二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

　　环境恶化 environmental deterioration

　　毁林 deforestation／clear—cutting

　　过度开采 overexploitation

　　水土流失 soil erosion

　　荒漠化 desertification

　　人口增长 population growth

　　野生生物保护 wildlife conservation

　　濒危物种 endangered species

　　捕捞过度 overfishing

　　自然灾害 natural disaster

　　大灾难 catastrophe

　　沙尘暴 sandstorm

　　旱灾 drought

　　水灾 flood

　　暴风雪 snowstorm

　　第六篇：城市及地区概况

　　【深圳概况】

　　深圳是广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个小渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创立了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳人口已经超过1,000万，整个城市发生巨大的变化。

　　到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。

　　【参考译文】

　　Shenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong Province of China. Prior to the reform and opening-up policy, Shenzhen was no more than a fishing village only with a population of more than 30 thousand. In the 1980s, Chinese government established Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot to implement the market-oriented economy with socialist features. At present, Shenzhen has a population of more than 10 million and the whole city has witnessed tremendous changes.

　　By 2014, the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen had amounted to $25,000, which is equivalent to the level of some developed countries in the world. When it comes to the overall economic power, Shenzhen ranks among the top-class cities in China. Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start up their business.

　　话题词汇预测

　　共同富裕 shared prosperity

　　社会保险 social insurance

　　小康社会 a well-to-do society

　　人民生活 people’s livelihood

　　生活水平 living standards

　　生活质量 quality of life

　　提升竞争能力 strengthen the competitiveness

　　具有中国特色 with Chinese characteristics

　　宏观经济macro economy

　　矿产资源 mineral resources

　　众多人口 a large population

　　特有的 distinctive

　　城市人口 urban population

　　贫困地区 poverty-stricken region

　　改革开放 reform and opening-up

　　公务员 civil servants

　　居委会 neighborhood committee

　　民族精神 national spirit

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